Pengaruh Kecukupan Modal Terhadap Stabilitas Keuangan Bank Perkreditan Rakyat
Abstract
Abstract. This study aims to determine the influence of capital adequacy on financial stability of rural banks. The capital adequacy variable is measured using CAR, while the bank financial stability variable is individually measured using Z-index. Based on secondary data from OJK and BI in the span of 4 years from sample of size 11 rural banks which are included in the non-systemic category with capital under IDR 50 billion, the results show that rural banks generally have a level of capital adequacy in the healthy category with a positive capital buffer, while the bank financial stability is generally at a sufficient level. The results of hypothesis testing using Kendall-Ʈ at the 5% significant level indicate that there is concordant between capital adequacy and bank financial stability, where capital adequacy has a positive and significant effect on financial stability of rural banks.
Keywords. CAR; Rural bank; Z-index.
Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kecukupan modal terhadap stabilitas keuangan BPR. Variabel kecukupan modal diukur menggunakan CAR, sedangkan variabel stabilitas keuangan bank secara individual diukur menggunakan Z-index. Berdasarkan data sekunder dari OJK dan BI pada rentang waktu 4 tahun dari sampel yang berukuran 11 BPR yang termasuk kategori non-sistemik dengan modal dibawah IDR 50 milyar, diperoleh hasil bahwa umumnya BPR memiliki tingkat kecukupan modal dalam kategori sehat dengan capital buffer positif, sementara tingkat stabilitas keuangan bank umumnya berada pada level cukup. Hasil pengujian hipotesis menggunakan Kendall-Ʈ pada taraf nyata 5% menunjukkan terdapat kesesuaian (concordant) antara kecukupan modal dengan stabilitas keuangan bank, dimana kecukupan modal berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap stabilitas keuangan BPR.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Adusei, M. (2015). The impact of bank size and funding risk on bank stability. Cogent Economics and Finance, 3(1), 1–19.
Almarzoqi, R., Naceur, S. Ben, & Scopelliti, A. D. (2015). How Does Bank Competition Affect Solvency , Liquidity and Credit Risk ? Evidence from the MENA Countries. International Monetary Fund, WP 15(210), 1–43. https://doi.org/10.5089/ 9781513581910.001
Altman, E. I. (2000). Predicting Financial Distress of Company: Revisitting The Z-score and Zeta® Models. Paper Adapted from Journal of Finance (September 1968) and Journal of Banking & Finance (1: 1977), 1–54. Retrieved from https://pdfs.semantic scholar.org/3a40/
Anwar, M., Layyinaturrobaniyah, Komara, R., & Rahman, S. (2017). Assessing The Recent Efficiency of Rural Banks In West Java Indonesia. In Procceding of The 2nd International Conference on Accounting, Management, Economics and Social Sciences (ICAMESS), Bandung (pp. 1–13).
Atrill, P. (2012). Financial Management for Decision Makers, 7th ed. UK: Pearson Education Ltd.
Azwir, Y. (2006). Analisis Pengaruh Kecukupan Modal, Efisiensi, Likuiditas, NPL, dan PPAP Terhadap ROA Bank (Studi Empiris: Pada Industri Perbankan Yang Listed di BEJ Periode Tahun 2001-2004. Tesis Magister Manajemen pada Program Pascasarjana Universitas Diponegoro.
Berger, A. N., Klapper, L. F., & Turk-Ariss, R. (2008). Bank competition and financial stability. The World Bank Development Research Group – Finance and Private Sector Team, WPs 4696(1), 1–28. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s10693-008-0050-7
Bank Indonesia - BI. (2018). Laporan Keuangan Publikasi Bank Perkreditas Rakyat Konvensional. Retrieved from http://www.bi/go.id/publikasi/laporan-keuangan/bpr-konvensional/tx
Biatas, M., & Solek, A. (2010). Evolution of capital adequacy ratio. Economics and Sociology, 3(2), 48–57. https://doi.org/ 10.14254/2071-789X.2010/3-2/5
Brigham, E. F., & Houston, J. F. (2015). Fundamentals of Financial Management, conc-8th ed. Ohio: Cangage Learning.
Cetina, B. J., Loudis, B., & Taylor, C. (2017). Capital Buffers and The Future of Bank Stress Tests. OFR - Office of Financial Research, 17(02), 1–8.
Devi, L. Y. (2016a). Contribution of Rural Banks to Regional Economic Growth. Thesis of PhD on Faculty of Business Economic and law, Auckland University and Technology.
Devi, L. Y. (2016b). The Impact of Rural Bank Loans on Regional Economic Growth and Regional Poverty in Indonesia. New Zealand Association of Economists - NZAE, WP (10), 1–25. Retrieved from http://www.nzae. org.nz/wp-content/uploads/2016/ 10/
Fatima, N. (2014). Capital Adequacy: A Financial Soundness Indicator for Banks. Global Journal of Finance and Management, 6(8), 771–776. Retrieved from http://www.ripublica tion.com
Fauzia, I. N. A. (2016). Analisis Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Capital Buffer. Diponegoro Journal of Management, 5(2), 1–12.
Fauzia, I. Y. (2015). Mendeteksi Kebangkrutan Secara Dini Perspektif Ekonomi Islam. EKUITAS (Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Keuangan), 19(1), 90–109.
Fernández, R. O., & Garza-García, J. G. (2015). The Relationship Between Bank Competition and Financial Stability: A Case Study of The Mexican Banking Industry. Ensayos Revista de Economía, 34(1), 103–120.
Fu, X. (Maggie), Lin, Y. (Rebecca), & Molyneux, P. (2012). Bank competition and financial stability in Asia Pacific. Auckland Centre for Financial Research - ACFR, WP 73(1), 1–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.jbankfin.2013.09.012
Goetz, M. (2016). Competition and bank stability. Center for Financial Studies - Goethe University, Frankfurt, WP 2016(559), 1–47. https://doi.org/DOI:
Hamidi, M. (2017). Studi Komparasi Kinerja Bank Perkreditan Rakyat ( BPR ) Syariah dan Konvensional di Sumatera Barat. IQTISHADIA, Jurnal Kajian Ekonomi Dan Bisnis Islam, 10(1), 44–70.
Herri, Husni, T., Syarif, S., Suhairi, Herman, E., & Ma’ruf. (2007). Studi Peningkatan Peran Bank Perkreditan Rakyat (BPR) Dalam Pembiayaan Usaha Mikro Kecil (UMK) Di Sumatera Barat. Center for Banking Research – Andalas University Kerjasama Bank Indonesia, WP 2007(16), 1–37.
Hull, J. C. (2015). Risk Management and Financial Institutions, 4th ed. New Jersey: John Wiley and Sons Inc.
Iswadi, T. (2017). Analisa Kinerja Keuangan dan Prediksi Kebankrutan Bank Pembiayaan Rakyat Syariah. Al Masraf: Jurnal Lembaga Keuangan Dan Perbankan, 2(1), 85–96.
Karim, N. A., Al-Habshi, S. M. S. J., & Abduh, M. (2016). Macroeconomics Indicators and Bank Stability: A Case of Banking in Indonesia. Buletin Ekonomi Moneter Dan Perbankan, 18(4), 431–448.
Karim, N. A., Alhabshi, S. M. S. J. H., Kassim, S., & Razali. (2018). Measuring Bank Stability: A Comparative Analysis Between Islamic and Conventional Banks in Malaysia. In Proceedings of the 2nd Advances in Business Research International Conference, KL (pp. 169–177).
Karkowska, R., & Pawłowska, M. (2017). The concentration and bank stability in Central and Eastern European countries The concentration and bank stability in Central and Eastern European countries. Narodowy Bank Polski - NBP, WP 2017(272), 1–30. Retrieved from http://www.nbp.pl/ publikacje/
Kočišová, K., & Stavárek, D. (2015). Banking Stability Index: New EU Cpuntries After Ten Years of Membership. Interdisciplinary Economics and Business Research – Silesian University, Opava. WP, 2015(24), 1–23.
Lembaga Penjamin Simpanan - LPS. (2017). Resolusi Bank-bank Yang Dilikuidasi. Retrieved from http://www.lps.go.id/ web/guest/bank-yang-dilikuidasi
Li, X., Tripe, D., & Malone, C. (2017). Measuring Bank Risk: An Exploration of Z-score. European Financial Management Association, EFMA-WP 2017(1):1-38. Retrieved from http://www.efmaefm.org/0EFMSYMPOSIUM/2017/papers/
Liu, H., Molyneux, P., & Wilson, J. O. S. (2010). Competition And Stability In European Banking: A Regional Analysis. Bangor Business School, Bangor - United Kingdom, WP 10(19), 1–33. Retrived from https://doi.org/ 10.1002/ir.37019906803
Lukiana, N. (2012). Analisis Rasio Kewajiban Penyediaan Modal Minimum Untuk Menilai Kecukupan Modal Bank Dalam Mendukung Kegiatannya Secara Efisien. Jurnal WIGA, 2(2), 45–56.
Morris, V. C. (2010). Measuring and Forecasting Financial Stability : The Composition of an Aggregate Financial Stability Index for Jamaica. Bank of Jamaica, WP 2010(1), 1–19.
Nisar, S., Peng, K., Wang, S., & Ashraf, B. N. (2018). The Impact of Revenue Diversification on Bank Profitability and Stability: Empirical Evidence from South Asian Countries. International Journal of Financial Studies, 6(40), 1–25.
Nugroho, S., Akbar, S., & Vusvitasari, R. (2008). Kajian Hubungan Koefisien Korelasi Pearson, Spearman-rho, Kendall-Tau, Gamma, dan Somers. Gradien, 4(2), 372–381.
Ochei, I. (2013). Capital adequacy, management and performance in the Nigerian commercial bank (1986 - 2006). African Journal of Business Management, 7(30), 2938–2950. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJBM09.258
Oduor, J., Ngoka, K., & Odongo, M. (2017). Capital Requirement, Bank Competition And Stability in Africa. Review of Development Finance, 7(1), 45–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rdf. 2017.01.002
Otoritas Jasa Keuangan - OJK. (2015a). Bank Perkreditan Rakyat, Lamp.-1 Zonasi BPR. Surat Edaran Otoritas Jasa Keuangan, SE-OJK No 16/2015.
Otoritas Jasa Keuangan - OJK. (2015b). Kewajiban Penyediaan Modal Minimum dan Pemenuhan Modal Inti Minimum Bank Perkreditan Rakyat. Peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan, POJK No 5 /POJK.03/2015.
Otoritas Jasa Keuangan - OJK. (2018). Statistik Perbankan Indonesia 2017 Vol 16 No 1. Jakarta: Departemen Perijinan dan Informasi Perbankan - DPIP OJK. Retrieved from www.ojk.go.id
Pramono, B., Hafidz, J., Adamanti, J., Muhajir, M. H., & Alim, M. S. (2015). Dampak Kebijakan Countercyclical Capital Buffer Terhadap Pertumbuhan Kredit Di Indonesia. Bank Indonesia, BI-WP, 2015(4), 1–22.
Purnamandari, N. P. Y. L., & Badera, I. D. N. (2015). Kemampuan Prediksi Rasio Keuangan dan Ukuran Bank Pada Risiko Gagal Bank. E-Jurnal Akuntasi Universitas Udayana, 12(2), 172–187.
Retno Aryatie, I., & Waskito Nuroho, A. (2010). Akibat Hukum Bagi Bank Bila Kewajiban Modal Inti. Mimbar Hukum, 22(2), 283–297.
Rustendi, T. (2011). Analisis Kesehatan Bank Berdasarkan Kecukupan Modal, Kualitas Aktiva Produktif, Manajemen, Rentabilitas, dan Likuiditas. Jurnal Akuntansi, 6(1), 662–675.
Shijaku, G. (2017). Does Concentration Matter for Bank Stability? Evidence from The Albanian Banking Sector. Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice, 6(3), 67–94. https:// doi.org/10.1515/jcbtp-2017-0021
Suardita, I. W., & Putri, I. G. A. . A. D. (2015). Pengaruh Kecukupan Modal Dan Penyaluran Kredit Pada Profitabilitas Dengan Pemoderasi Risiko Kredit. E-Jurnal Akuntasi Universitas Udayana, 11(2), 426–440.
Susilowati, N. M. N., Purbanwangsa, I. B. A., & Artini, L. G. S. (2017). Variabel-Variabel Pembeda Rasio Kecukupan Modal Bank Perkreditan Rakyat (BPR) di Bali. E-Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Bisnis Universitas Udayana, 6(6), 2553–2586.
Thakor, A. V. (2014). Bank Capital and Financial Stability: An Economic Trade-Off or a Faustian Bargain? Annual Review of Financial Economics, 6(1), 185–223. https:// doi.org/10.1146/annurev-financial-110 613-034531
Verbic, M., & Kuzmin, F. (2010). Coefficient of Structural Concordance and an Example of its Application: Labour Productivity and Wages in Slovenia. MPRA - Munich Personal RePEc Archive, 25522(2), 1–16. Retrieved from https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/
Wibowo, B. (2016). Stabilitas Bank, Tingkat Persaingan Antar Bank dan Diversifikasi Sumber Pendapatan: Analisis Per Kelompok Bank di Indonesia. Jurnal Manajemen Teknologi, 15(2), 172–195. Retrieved from http://journal.sbm.itb.ac.id/ index.php/mantek/article/view/1878
World Bank. (2018). Bank Z-Score for Indonesia. Global Finance Development, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. Retrieved from https://www.fred.stlouisfed.org/series /DDSI01IDA645NWDB
Yudaruddin, R. (2014). Dampak Tingkat Konsentrasi Terhadap Kinerja Dan Stabilitas Perbankan di Indonesia Tahun 2003-2013. Jurnal Keuangan Dan Perbankan, 18(2), 278–286.
Yuniarti, S. (2011). Strategi Adaptif Bank Perkreditan Rakyat Dalam Menghadapi Ekspansi Kredit UMKM Bank Umum Di Malang. Jurnal Keuangan Dan Perbankan, 15(3), 437–445.
Zigraiova, D., & Havranek, T. (2015). Bank Competition and Financial Stability: Much Ado About Nothing? IES FSV - Charles University, WP 2015(7), 1–39. https://doi.org/10.1111/joes.12131
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17509/jrak.v7i3.18030
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Jurnal Riset Akuntansi dan Keuangan is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
View My Stats