Kelahiran Arkeologi Indonesia di Ilmu Sosial dan Perkembangannya ke Ilmu Alam
Abstract
Meningkatnya kompleksitas permasalahan dalam penelitian arkeologi terjadi bersamaan dengan berkembangnya teori dan metode penelitian di berbagai disiplin ilmu pengetahuan. Kedekatannya dengan antropologi, menjadikan arkeologi pada mulanya banyak mengambil teori-teori ilmu sosial yang lebih bersifat kualitatif. Pada perkembangannya, seiring ditemukannya teknik baru dalam pengambilan informasi, membuat para arkeolog lebih banyak bergelut dengan data-data kuantitatif. Praktik ini tak ayal berdampak pada menurunnya penggunaan teori ilmu sosial dalam laporan penelitian arkeologi. Arkeologi yang sangat bersifat multidisiplin menghasilkan spektrum penelitian yang beragam. Tulisan ini berusaha menjabarkan pergeseran nilai yang terjadi dalam paradigma penelitian arkeologi, khususnya di Indonesia, melalui studi pustaka dan analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Karakteristik penelitian arkeologi yang awalnya cenderung bersifat kultural-historis kini bergeser ke natural-historis yang menitikberatkan pada objektivitas penelitian dan keempirisan data. Pergeseran nilai yang terjadi juga berkaitan dengan perubahan tuntutan atas bentuk penelitian arkeologi secara global.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Adams, W.Y., Van Gerven, D.P. & Levy, R.S. (1978). The retreat from migrationism. Annual Review of Anthropology, 7(1), 483-532.
Adhityatama, S. & Yarista, S.A. (2019). Potential of submerged landscape archaeology in Indonesia. Kalpataru, 28(1). 55-71
Aimers, J. & Hodell, D. (2011). Societal collapse: Drought and the maya. Nature, 479(7371), 44.
Anggraeni, Simanjuntak, T., Bellwood, P. & Piper, P. (2014). Neolithic foundations in the Karama valley, West Sulawesi, Indonesia. Antiquity, 88(341), 740-756.
Arnold, J. R., & Libby, W. F. (1951). Radiocarbon dates. Science, 113(2927), 111-120.
Arponen, V.P.J., Grimm, S., Käppel, L., Ott, K., Thalheim, B., Kropp, Y., ... & Ribeiro, A. (2019). Between natural and human sciences: On the role and character of theory in socio-environmental archeology. The Holocene, e0959683619857226.
Atmosudiro, S. (1994). Gerabah prasejarah di liang bua, melolo dan lewoleba: tinjauan teknologi dan fungsinya. Desertasi doktoral, Yogyakarta: Universitas Gadjah Mada.
Binford, L.R. (1968). Some comments on historical versus processual archaeology. Southwestern Journal of Anthropology, 24(3), 267-275.
Bird, D.W., & O’Connell, J.F. (2006). Behavioral ecology and archaeology. Journal of Archaeological Research, 14(2), 143-188.
Bodnar, E. W., & Foss, C. (Eds.). (2003). Later Travels (Vol. 10). Belknap Press.
Boechari. (1976). Some considerations of the problem of the shift of mataram’s center of government from central to east java in the 10th century ad. Proyek Pelita Pembinaan Kepurbakalaan dan Peninggalan Nasional, Departemen P & K.
Bosch, F.D.K. (1946). In Memoriam Dr. NJ Krom 5 September 1883-8 Maart 1945. Bijdragen tot de taal, land-en volkenkunde/Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia, 103(1), 1-14.
Childe, V.G. (1936). Man makes himself. London: Watts & Co.
Clark, G.R., Reepmeyer, C., Melekiola, N., Woodhead, J., Dickinson, W.R. and Martinsson-Wallin, H. (2014). Stone tools from the ancient Tongan state reveal prehistoric interaction centers in the Central Pacific. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(29), 10491-10496.
Cohen I.B. (Ed.). 1994. The Natural Sciences and the social sciences: some critical and historical perspectives. Dordrecht, the Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Colley, S. (2000). Archaeology and education in australia. Antiquity, 74(283), 171-177.
Collins, M., Buckley, M., Grundy, H. H., Thomas‐Oates, J., Wilson, J., Doorn, N. (2010). ZooMS: the collagen barcode and fingerprints. Spectroscopy Europe, 22(6).
Conkey, M.W. (2003). Has feminism changed archaeology?. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 28(3), 867-880.
Conkey, M.W., & Spector, J.D. (1984). Archaeology and the study of gender. Advances in Archaeological Method and Theory, 1-38.
Coombes, P. & Barber, K. (2005). Environmental determinism in holocene research: causality or coincidence?. Area, 37(3), 303-311.
Dam, R.A., Fluin, J., Suparan, P. & van der Kaars, S. (2001). Palaeoenvironmental developments in the Lake Tondano area (N. Sulawesi, Indonesia) since 33,000 yr BP. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 171(3-4), 147-183.
Davis, M.E. (2000). Archaeology education and the political landscape of American schools. Antiquity, 74(283), 194-198.
De Wit, H.C. (1952). In memory of ge rumphius (1702-1952). Taxon, 101-110.
Dempsey, K. (2019). Gender and medieval archaeology: storming the castle. Antiquity, 93(369), 772-788.
Denham, T. & Donohue, M. (2009). Pre‐Austronesian dispersal of banana cultivars west from new guinea: linguistic relics from Eastern Indonesia. Archaeology in Oceania, 44(1), 18-28.
Diamond, J.M. (1998). Guns, germs and steel: a short history of everybody for the last 13,000 years. Random House.
Dowson, T.A. (2000). Why queer archaeology? An introduction. World Archaeology, 32(2), 161-165.
Dyson, S.L. (1993). From new to new age archaeology: Archaeological theory and classical archaeology-A 1990s perspective. American Journal of Archaeology, 97(2), 195-206.
Gidtri, A. (1974). Imperialism and archaeology. Race, 15(4), 431-459.
Gill, R.B., Mayewski, P.A., Nyberg, J., Haug, G.H. & Peterson, L.C. (2007). Drought and the Maya collapse. Ancient Mesoamerica, 18(2), 283-302.
Goodrum, M.R. (2002). The meaning of ceraunia: archaeology, natural history and the interpretation of prehistoric stone artefacts in the eighteenth century. The British Journal for the History of Science, 35(3), 255-269.
Goodrum, M. (2008). Questioning thunderstones and arrowheads: the problem of recognizing and interpreting stone artifacts in the seventeenth century. Early Science and Medicine, 13(5), 482-508.
Hakenbeck, S. (2008). Migration in archaeology: Are we nearly there yet. Archaeological Review from Cambridge, 23(2), 9-26.
Hartatik, H. & Sofian, H. (2018). Penelitian baru arkeometalurgi di Indonesia jejak pengerjaan logam kuno di hulu sungai Barito Kalimantan Tengah. Purbawidya: Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Arkeologi, 7(2), 119-136.
Heizer, R.F. (1962). The Background of Thomsen’s three-age system. Technology and Culture, 3(3), 259-266.
Hodder, I. (ed.). (1982). Symbolic and Structural Archaeology. Cambridge University Press.
Hodder, I. (1985). Postprocessual archaeology. In Advances in archaeological method and theory (pp. 1-26). Academic Press.
Hrebiniak, L.G. & Joyce, W.F. (1985). Organizational adaptation: Strategic choice and environmental determinism. Administrative Science Quarterly, 336-349.
Izdebski, A., Holmgren, K., Weiberg, E., Stocker, S.R., Buentgen, U., Florenzano, A., ... & Masi, A. (2016). Realising consilience: How better communication between archaeologists, historians and natural scientists can transform the study of past climate change in the Mediterranean. Quaternary Science Reviews, 136, 5-22.
James, G.A. (1985). Phenomenology and the study of religion: The archaeology of an approach. The Journal of Religion, 65(3), 311-335.
Janowski, M., & Barton, H. (2012). Reading human activity in the landscape: stone and thunderstones in the Kelabit Highlands. Indonesia and the Malay World, 40(118), 354-371.
Johnson, M. (2010). Archaeological theory: An introduction. Wiley-Blackwell.
Jordaan, R. (2016). Nicolaus Engelhard and Thomas Stamford Raffles: Brethren in Javanese Antiquities. Indonesia, (101), 39-66.
Judkins, G., Smith, M. & Keys, E. (2008). Determinism within human–environment research and the rediscovery of environmental causation. Geographical Journal, 174(1), 17-29.
Kaharudin, H.A.F. & Asyrafi, M. (2019). Archaeology in the making of nations: The juxtaposition of postcolonial archaeological study. Amerta, 37(1), 55-69.
Kaharudin, H.A.F., Mahirta, Kealy, S., Hawkins, S., Boulanger, C. & O’Connor, S. (in press). Human foraging responses to climate change at here sorot entapa rockshelter on kisar island, eastern indonesia during the pleistocene-holocene transition. Wacana.
Kealy, S., Louys, J. & O’Connor, S. (2017). Reconstructing palaeogeography and inter‐island visibility in the wallacean archipelago during the likely period of sahul colonization, 65–45 000 years ago. Archaeological Prospection, 24(3), 259-272.
Kusmartono, V.P., Hindarto, I. & Herwanto, E. (2017). Late pleistocene to recent: human activities in the deep interior equatorial rainforest of kalimantan, indonesian borneo. Quaternary International, 448, 82-94.
Lévi-Strauss, C. & Layton, M. (1963). Structural anthropology. New York: Basic Books.
Libby, W. F. (1951). Radiocarbon dates, II. Science, 114(2960), 291-296.
Lyman, R.L., & O’Brien, M.J. (2004). A history of normative theory in Americanist archaeology. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory, 11(4), 369-396.
Lyman, R.L., Wolverton, S., & O’Brien, M.J. (1998). Seriation, superposition, and interdigitation: A history of americanist graphic depictions of culture change. American Antiquity, 63(2), 239-261.
McGuire, R.H., O’Donovan, M. & Wurst, L. (2005). Probing praxis in archaeology: the last eighty years. Rethinking Marxism, 17(3), 355-372.
Merton, R.K. (1968) Social theory and social structure (3rd Edition). London: Macmillan.
Moro-Abadía, O. (2009). The history of archaeology as seen through the externalism-internalism debate: historical development and current challenges. Bulletin of the History of Archaeology, 19(2).
Movius Jr, H.L. (1960). Radiocarbon dates and Upper Palaeolithic archaeology in central and western Europe. Current Anthropology, 1(5/6), 355-391.
Müller, J. & Kirleis, W. (2019). The concept of socio-environmental transformations in prehistoric and archaic societies in the Holocene: An introduction to the special issue. The Holocene, e0959683619857236.
Mulvaney, D.J. & Joyce, E.B. (1965). Archaeological and geomorphological investigations on Mt. Moffatt station, Queensland, Australia. In Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society (Vol. 31, pp. 147-212). Cambridge University Press.
Naerssen, F.H. (1977). The economic and administrative history of early Indonesia. Handbuch der Orientalistiek. Leiden: E.J. Brill.
Newhall, C.G., Bronto, S., Alloway, B., Banks, N.G., Bahar, I., Del Marmol, M.A., ... & Rubin, M. (2000). 10,000 Years of explosive eruptions of Merapi Volcano, Central Java: archaeological and modern implications. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 100(1-4), 9-50.
Oktaviana, A.A. (2015). Pengaplikasian DStretch Pada Perekaman Gambar Cadas di Indonesia. In Diskusi Ilmiah Arkeologi. Jakarta: Ikatan Ahli Arkeologi Indonesia.
Oktaviana, A.A., Van Lape, P. & Ririmasse, M.N. (2018). Recent rock art research on East Seram, Maluku: A key site in the rock art of West Papua and South East Maluku. Kapata Arkeologi, 14(2), 135-144.
Parcak, S.H. (2009). Satellite Remote Sensing for Archaeology. Routledge.
Peters, M.A. (2019) The enlightenment and its critics. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 51(9), 886-894,
Petersen, E.B. & Meiklejohn, C. (2007). Historical context of the term ‘complexity’. Acta Archaeologica, 78(2), 181-192.
Potts, P.J. (2008). Introduction, analytical instrumentation and application overview. In Philip J. Potts, Margaret West (Eds.), Portable X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry: Capabilities for In Situ Analysis, Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, UK, pp. 1-12
Price, T.D. & Burton J.H. (2011). An Introduction to archaeological chemistry. Springer, New York
Rowe, J.H. (1965). The Renaissance foundations of anthropology. American Anthropologist, 67(1), 1-20.
Santacreu, D.A. (2014). Materiality, techniques and society in pottery production: the technological study of archaeological ceramics through paste analysis. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG.
Schepens, G. (2007). History and Historia: inquiry in the greek historians. Dalam J. Marincola (Eds.), A Companion to Greek and Roman Historiography (h. 39-55). Blackwell Publishing.
Schiffer, M.B. (1975). Archaeology as behavioral science. American Anthropologist, 77(4), 836-848.
Schiffer, M.B. (2016). Behavioral Archaeology: Principles and Practice. Routledge.
Schnapp, A. (2002). Between antiquarians and archaeologists—continuities and ruptures. Antiquity, 76(291), 134-140.
Schwab, R., Heger, D., Höppner, B. & Pernicka, E. (2006). The provenance of iron artefacts from Manching: a multi‐technique approach. Archaeometry, 48(3), 433-452.
Shipton, C., O’Connor, S., Reepmeyer, C., Kealy, S. & Jankowski, N. (2019). Shell adzes, exotic obsidian, and inter-island voyaging in the early and middle and holocene of wallacea. The Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology, 1-22.
Soejono, R.P. (1977). Sistem-sistem penguburan akhir prasejarah. Desertasi doktoral. Jakarta: Universitas Indonesia.
Soekmono, R. (1994). In memoriam aj bernet kempers 7 oktober 1906-2 mei 1992; persoonlijke herinneringen en indrukken. bijdragen tot de taal-, land-en volkenkunde. Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia, 150(2), 269-290.
Spencer, C.S. (1990). On the tempo and mode of state formation: Neoevolutionism reconsidered. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, 9(1), 1-30.
Steward, J.H. (1955). Theory of culture change. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press.
Sutikna, T., Tocheri, M.W., Faith, J.T., Awe, R.D., Meijer, H.J., Saptomo, E.W., & Roberts, R.G. (2018). The spatio-temporal distribution of archaeological and faunal finds at liang bua (flores, indonesia) in light of the revised chronology for homo floresiensis. Journal of Human Evolution, 124, 52-74.
Tanudirjo, D.A. (1995). Theoretical trends in indonesian archaeology. In Ucko, P. J. (ed.), Theory in Archaeology, 61–75. London: Routledge.
Tanudirjo, D.A. (2001). Islands in between: prehistory of the northeastern indonesian archipelago. Desertasi doktoral, Canberra: Australian National University.
Theden-Ringl, F., Fenner, J.N., Wesley, D. & Lamilami, R. (2011). buried on foreign shores: isotope analysis of the origin of human remains recovered from a macassan site in arnhem land. Australian Archaeology, 73(1), 41-48.
Tisdell, C.A. & Svizzero, S. (2018). The agricultural revolution, childe’s theory of economic development as outlined in man makes himself, and contemporary economic theories. History of Economics Review, 71(1), 55-72.
Trigger, B.G. (2006). A history of archaeological thought (2nd edition). Cambridge University Press.
Tylor, E.B. (1871). Primitive Culture: researches into the development of mythology, philosophy, religion, art, and custom (Vol. 2). J. Murray.
Van den Dries, M.H. & Kerkhof, M. (2018). The past is male: Gender representation in dutch archaeological practice. Advances in Archaeological Practice, 6(3), 228-237.
Van der Leeuw, S. & Redman, C.L. (2002). Placing archaeology at the center of socio-natural studies. American antiquity, 67(4), 597-605.
Watson, P. J. (1995). Archaeology, anthropology, and the culture concept. American Anthropologist, 97(4), 683-694.
Weigand, P.C., Harbottle, G. & Sayre, E.V. (1977). Turquoise sources and source analysis: Mesoamerica and the southwestern U.S.A. In: Earle, T.K., Ericson, J.E. (Eds.), Exchange systems in prehistory. Academic Press, New York.
White, L.A. (1959). The concept of culture. American Anthropologist, 61(2), 227-251.
Wibowo, U.P., Handini, R., Simanjuntak, T., Sofian, H.O. & Maulana, S. (2018). Geological approach in order to distinguish the peference source of the raw material from the megalithic tombs in East Sumba, Indonesia. Amerta, 36(2), 101-114.
Wood, R. (2015). From revolution to convention: the past, present and future of radiocarbon dating. Journal of Archaeological Science, 56, 61-72.
Yuwono, J.S.E. (2015). National mapping system of the archaeological and historical sites in Indonesia: A proposed model of spatial data integration. In Te Tird Conference: GIS-based Global History from Asian Perspectives, 4th and 7th June.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17509/historia.v3i1.20142
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2024 Historia: Jurnal Pendidik dan Peneliti Sejarah
INDEXED
TOOLS
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Alamat Redaksi: Gedung Numan Soemantri, FPIPS UPI, Departemen Pendidikan Sejarah, Lantai 2, Jl. Dr. Setiabudhi No 229 Bandung, 40154