Effects of Project-Based Learning Model and Cooperative Learning Model in Improving Student Social Skills in Physical Education

Abstract

Learning models in the 21^st century are started to be widely used to develop students’ social skills in dealing with various problems. In reality, many students still have not been able to solve social problems. It becomes an ambiguity as the learning models are assumed to be influential in overcoming the problems through meaningful learning. Project-based and Cooperative Learning Models are learning models that are assumed to be effective in developing social skills. However, these two learning models have not received consistent conclusions because previous studies have not specifically compared the two models, especially in Physical Education. This study aimed to determine the effect and prove the effectiveness of project-based and cooperative learning models on student social skills in Physical Education, especially for Senior High School students. The implementation of this research used experimental methods with real experimental designs. Researchers selected two classes at a high school in Tasikmalaya City, West Java, Indonesia, using cluster sampling.  The data collection instrument employed a 3-point scale questionnaire ("0-Never," "1-Sometimes," "2-Very Often") constructed in google forms. The data analysis used in this study was a different test using paired t-test and independent t-test. The results showed that project-based and cooperative learning models were equally effective, as both showed significant improvement in the Social Skills of high school students in each group. This study concluded that both learning models effectively develop adolescent social skills. Therefore, if a project-based or cooperative learning model is applied, students can well develop their social skills.