Jarak Minimum Orbit dan Tumbukan Populasi Asteroid dekat-Bumi dengan Planet Bumi

Annisa Nur'imani Fauziah, Judhistira Aria Utama, Ferry Mukharradi Simatupang

Abstract


ABSTRAK

Asteroid dekat-Bumi diketahui memiliki orbit yang kaotik akibat seringnya terjadi papasan dekat dengan planet-planet terestrial. Orbit yang kaotik dapat membuat populasi objek ini berakhir sebagai penumbuk matahari maupun planet-planet. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan 3372 sampel asteroid dekat-Bumi nyata dengan orbit yang dikenal baik (U=0). Evolusi orbit sampel dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan paket integrator Swift_RMVS4 menggunakan model Tata Surya yang terdiri atas Matahari dan kedelapan planet termasuk Bulan sebagai objek terpisah. Propagasi orbit di bawah pengaruh gravitasi dilakukan hingga kurun 2 ´ 106  tahun ke depan dengan langkah waktu komputasi 10-3 tahun (~9 jam). Hingga akhir komputasi diperoleh fluks masuk sampel populasi asteroid dekat-Bumi yang berakhir di zona pembuangan (menumbuk Matahari, terlempar keluar Tata Surya, dan menumbuk planet-planet) adalah sebesar 14 ± 2 asteroid per juta tahun untuk H<18 (bersesuaian dengan diameter asteroid 0,67 km – 1,5 km). Berdasarkan informasi jarak minimum orbit (Minimum Orbit Intersection Distance – MOID) seluruh sampel dengan planet Bumi dengan perhitungan berdasarkan geometri, diperoleh nilai kebolehjadian tumbukan intrinsik (Pi) sebesar 1,099 ´ 10-15 per km2 per tahun per objek yang bersesuaian dengan kejadian satu tumbukan dengan planet Bumi setiap 10 juta tahun. Frekuensi tumbukan yang diperoleh ini lebih singkat daripada yang disimpulkan dari penelitian terdahulu. Penggunaan sampel yang lebih banyak dan dengan kualitas orbit yang lebih baik diduga kuat menjadi faktor penyebab perbedaan.

 

Near-Earth Asteroids had been known for their chaotic orbits due to frequent close-encounter with Terrestrial planets. These chaotic orbits responsible to their final fate as planets impactor. Within this work, sample of as many as 3,372 real Near-Earth Asteroids with high quaity orbit (U=0) have been used. The Swift_RMVS4 integrator package accomodating the Solar System model consists of all planets and treated the Moon as a separated object was employed. Asteroids’ orbit computation was run for 2 ´ 106 years forward with 10-3years (~9 hours) timestep and only gravitational force was considered. By the end of computation we found the entrance flux from near-Earth region into sinks (collide the Sun or planets and ejected from the Solar System) as many as 14 ± 2 asteroids per million years for H<18 (asteroid’s diameter 0.67 km – 1,5 km). Based on computed asteroid’s minimum orbit distance (Minimum Orbit Intersection Distance – MOID), the intrinsic collision probability (Pi) is 1.099 ´ 10-15 per km2 per year per asteroid which correspond to one impact on Earth every 107 years. This value is lower than previously predicted by other researchers. The use of larger sample with high quality orbits within our work are suspected as the causative difference.    

Keywords : Near-Earth Asteroids; Fractional Decay Rate; Collision Rate; MOID.



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DOI: https://doi.org/10.17509/wafi.v5i1.23562

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