ANALISIS KONTRASTIF PANDANGAN MAHASISWA PENUTUR BAHASA INDONESIA DAN MAHASISWA PENUTUR BAHASA JEPANG TERHADAP PRIVASI DALAM KOMUNIKASI: SEBUAH TINJAUAN SOSIOLINGUISTIK

Abstract

Perbedaan pandangan di antara mahasiswa penutur bahasa Indonesia dan mahasiswa penutur bahasa Jepang terhadap privasi dalam komunikasi memungkinkan menyebabkan terjadinya gangguan dalam proses berkomunikasi dan mengundang kesalahpahaman. Guna mengurangi gangguan komunikasi dan kesalahpamahan, maka kajian penelitian mengenai privasi dalam komunikasi sangat diperlukan. Penelitian ini mengkaji persamaan dan perbedaan ranah privasi mahasiswa penutur bahasa Indonesia dan mahasiswa penutur bahasa Jepang, siapa saja yang boleh dan tidak boleh mengetahui privasi penutur, dan bagaimana respons penutur terhadap mitra tutur yang membahas topik pembicaraan yang berkaitan dengan privasi. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan teknik survey dengan mendistribusi kuesioner kepada 127 responden di Indonesia dan 107 responden di Jepang. Responden di Indonesia adalah mahasiswa penutur asli bahasa Indonesia dan responden di Jepang adalah mahasiswa mahasiswa penutur asli bahasa Jepang di Jepang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mahasiswa penutur bahasa Indonesia lebih terbuka terhadap privasi dibandingkan dengan mahasiswa penutur bahasa Jepang. Kemudian, mahasiswa penutur bahasa Jepang membicarakan privasi terhadap mitra tutur sembari mempertimbangkan apakah penutur dan mitra tutur memiliki hubungan kepercayaan atau tidak. Sedangkan mahasiswa penutur bahasa Indonesia memutuskan akan membicarakan hal yang berkaitan dengan privasi atau tidak dengan mitra tutur setelah memastikan apakah ada hubungan kepercayaan atau tidak.

The different perspectives on privacy between college students who speak Indonesian and those who speak Japanese as their native language may create some misunderstandings when they interact with each other. To avoid such misunderstandings, more studies on privacy in communication are needed. Meanwhile studies on the field are still scarce. Therefore, to fill the gap, this study aims at finding out the similarities and differences on topics that are considered as privacy by students who speak Indonesian language and Japanese language. Additionally, this study also revealed to which interlocutors they may be comfortable to open up talking about topics considered as their privacy and how they respond towards interlocutors who bring up such topics. To collect the data, a questionnaire on privacy was distributed to 127 participants in Indonesia and 107 participants in Japan. Respondents from both countries were college students who were native speakers of the language spoken in their countries, Japan and Indonesia. The data collected then were analyzed by employing contrastive analysis. The study indicated that Indonesian students were more open in comparison to Japanese students as indicated by the breadth of their preferred conversation topics with strangers. Additionally, when opening up to topics considered as private topics, Japanese students were simultaneously evaluating whether they had trusted relationship with the interlocutors throughout the interaction. On the other hand, instead of simultaneously evaluating the relationship, Indonesian students tended to decide whether they had the trusted relationship first before they proceeded to opening up about their privacy with their interlocutors.